What can the misuse of de-identified data lead to?

The misuse of de-identified data can significantly heighten privacy risks for participants. Even though the data is stripped of personal identifiers, there are still ways in which individuals can be re-identified, especially when combined with other datasets. When this occurs, individuals can find their sensitive information exposed without their consent, leading to potential harm such as discrimination, financial loss, or personal distress.

Moreover, the misuse or unexpected revelation of re-identified data undermines trust in research and data-sharing initiatives, as individuals may become wary of participating if they believe their privacy is not adequately protected. The consequences can extend beyond individual participants, affecting public perception of data practices in general and potentially resulting in broader societal implications.

Other options touch on regulatory or funding aspects but do not directly address the immediate and personal privacy risks that can arise from the misuse of de-identified data.